Positive self-esteem is a protective factor against substance abuse and addiction, rather than a risk factor.

Strong family bonds, academic success, and involvement in extracurricular activities are all protective factors against substance abuse and addiction.

Parental involvement is the most effective strategy for preventing substance abuse and addiction among youth, as parents have the greatest influence on their children's behavior.

Encouraging substance use is not a strategy for preventing substance abuse and addiction, as it increases the risk of developing a substance use disorder.

Schools play a vital role in preventing substance abuse and addiction by providing education about the risks of substance abuse, creating a supportive school environment, and enforcing strict discipline policies.

Communities can prevent substance abuse and addiction by creating safe and supportive environments, reducing access to substances, and promoting positive mental health.

The media plays a role in preventing substance abuse and addiction by providing accurate information about the risks of substance abuse, promoting positive messages about healthy living, and avoiding the glorification of substance use.

Healthcare providers play a role in preventing substance abuse and addiction by screening patients for substance use disorders, providing brief interventions for patients at risk of developing a substance use disorder, and referring patients to treatment services.

Law enforcement plays a role in preventing substance abuse and addiction by enforcing laws against the sale and distribution of illegal substances, working with communities to reduce the availability of substances, and educating the public about the risks of substance abuse.

Government plays a role in preventing substance abuse and addiction by developing and implementing policies and programs to prevent substance abuse, providing funding for prevention programs, and regulating the sale and distribution of substances.

Individuals play a role in preventing substance abuse and addiction by making healthy choices about substance use, educating themselves about the risks of substance abuse, and seeking help if they are struggling with substance abuse.

Families play a role in preventing substance abuse and addiction by providing a supportive and nurturing home environment, setting clear rules and expectations about substance use, and talking to their children about the risks of substance abuse.

Peers play a role in preventing substance abuse and addiction by providing positive social support, encouraging healthy behaviors, and discouraging substance use.

Culture plays a role in preventing substance abuse and addiction by influencing attitudes and beliefs about substance use, shaping social norms around substance use, and providing a sense of identity and belonging.

Economics plays a role in preventing substance abuse and addiction by influencing the availability and affordability of substances, creating opportunities for employment and education, and reducing poverty and inequality.