Decoding involves understanding the meaning of the source text in its original language.

Interpretation aims to convey the speaker's message accurately, taking into account cultural and contextual factors.

Literal translation focuses on translating each word directly from the source text, often resulting in unnatural or awkward phrasing.

Back-translation is used to check the accuracy and consistency of a translation by translating it back to the original language.

Localization involves adapting the source text to suit the cultural, linguistic, and technical requirements of the target audience.

In consecutive interpretation, interpreters must listen to a segment of speech, remember it, and then translate it, making it challenging to recall every detail accurately.

Simultaneous interpretation involves translating spoken language almost instantaneously, allowing for real-time communication.

Pivot translation involves translating a text from the source language to a third language (the pivot language) and then from the pivot language to the target language.

Dynamic equivalence focuses on conveying the overall meaning and tone of the source text, allowing for adaptations to suit the target audience's cultural context.

Stylistic translation involves translating a text while maintaining the author's unique writing style and tone.

Whispered interpretation involves translating spoken language in a whisper, often used in settings like guided tours or business negotiations.

Cultural translation involves translating a text while considering the cultural context of the source text and adapting it to the target audience's cultural understanding.

Liaison interpretation involves translating spoken language between two or more parties who do not share a common language, often in informal settings.

Formal equivalence involves translating a text while preserving the original text's structure, grammar, and vocabulary as closely as possible.

Free translation involves translating a text with a focus on conveying the overall meaning and tone, allowing for significant adaptations to suit the target audience.