Calligraphy and typography are significant in Indian libraries because they preserve cultural heritage, enhance the aesthetic appeal of collections, and offer insights into the development of writing systems.

The Saraswati Mahal Library in Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, is known for its vast collection of rare and valuable manuscripts, including palm-leaf manuscripts, paper manuscripts, and printed books.

In traditional Indian calligraphy, palm leaves were commonly used as the primary writing material. They were inscribed with a stylus or sharp object and then treated with oil or other substances to preserve them.

Nastaliq is an Indian script known for its rounded and flowing forms. It is commonly used for writing Persian, Urdu, and other languages.

During the Mughal period, new calligraphic styles and techniques were introduced, libraries and workshops were established, and the creation of illuminated manuscripts and other works of art was commissioned, contributing to the development of calligraphy and typography in India.

Mir Ali Heravi was a renowned Indian calligrapher known for his mastery of the Naskh script. He is considered one of the greatest calligraphers of all time.

Illumination is the art of decorating manuscripts with gold, silver, and other precious materials. It was commonly practiced in India during the Mughal period.

Sanganer, located in Rajasthan, is renowned for its handmade paper production. The city has a long history of papermaking, and its artisans are skilled in creating high-quality paper using traditional techniques.

Preserving calligraphy and typography in Indian libraries serves multiple purposes, including maintaining the integrity of historical documents, providing access to rare and valuable manuscripts, and promoting research and scholarship.

The Oriental Research Institute in Mysore, Karnataka, houses a collection of over 20,000 palm-leaf manuscripts, making it one of the largest collections of its kind in India.

Marbling is the art of creating decorative borders and headings in manuscripts using a process involving swirling and mixing colors on water.

Devanagari is an Indian script characterized by its angular and geometric forms. It is widely used for writing Hindi, Sanskrit, and other languages.

During the British Raj, new printing technologies and techniques were introduced, printing presses and publishing houses were established, and the production of books and periodicals in Indian languages was encouraged, contributing to the development of printing and publishing in India.

Sanganer, located in Rajasthan, is renowned for its handmade paper production. The city has a long history of papermaking, and its artisans are skilled in creating high-quality paper using traditional techniques.