Urdu is the primary language used in Qawwali music, although other languages like Hindi, Punjabi, and Arabic may also be incorporated.

Devotion to God or a spiritual figure is a common theme in Qawwali music, often expressed through Sufi poetry.

The traditional ensemble setup for Qawwali music typically includes the tabla (drums), harmonium (keyboard instrument), and sarangi (string instrument).

Abida Parveen is a renowned Qawwali singer from Pakistan, known for her powerful vocals and emotional renditions.

The lead singer in a Qawwali ensemble is referred to as the Qawwal.

Rahat Fateh Ali Khan is a contemporary Qawwali singer known for his energetic performances and incorporation of modern elements into his music.

Sama refers to the devotional aspect of Qawwali music, where listeners engage in spiritual contemplation and connection with the divine.

Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan was known for his ability to incorporate classical ragas into his Qawwali performances, creating a unique and captivating musical experience.

Theka refers to the rhythmic patterns played on the tabla in Qawwali music, providing a foundation for the overall rhythm and tempo.

Aziz Mian was a renowned Qawwali singer known for his soulful renditions and ability to convey deep emotions through his performances.

Jawab-e-Salam refers to the call-and-response style of singing in Qawwali music, where the lead singer sings a line and the chorus responds with a complementary line.

Rahat Fateh Ali Khan is known for his innovative use of electronic instruments and fusion styles, blending traditional Qawwali with contemporary sounds.

Taan refers to the improvised sections in Qawwali music, where singers engage in spontaneous vocal exchanges, showcasing their virtuosity and creativity.

The Sabri Brothers, consisting of Ghulam Farid Sabri and Maqbool Ahmed Sabri, were known for their powerful and energetic live performances, captivating audiences with their vocal prowess.

Khatma refers to the concluding section of a Qawwali performance, where the tempo and intensity gradually decrease, leading to a peaceful and contemplative atmosphere.