Political surveys are primarily conducted to understand the opinions, attitudes, and beliefs of the general public on various political issues and candidates.

Stratified sampling is a method of selecting a sample from a population in which the population is divided into strata, and a sample is drawn from each stratum.

The primary goal of questionnaire design in political surveys is to collect accurate and reliable data that reflects the opinions and attitudes of the target population.

Closed-ended questions are commonly used in political surveys because they provide respondents with a limited number of response options, making it easier to quantify and analyze the data.

Non-response bias is a major challenge in political surveys as it occurs when some individuals in the target population do not participate in the survey, leading to a biased sample that may not accurately represent the population's views.

Using probability sampling methods, such as random sampling, ensures that every individual in the target population has a known and equal chance of being selected, reducing the likelihood of non-response bias.

Data analysis in political surveys involves examining the collected data to identify trends, patterns, and relationships between variables, helping researchers understand the underlying dynamics of public opinion.

Regression analysis is a statistical technique used to examine the relationship between two or more variables, allowing researchers to determine the impact of one variable on another.

Employing rigorous sampling methods, such as probability sampling, helps ensure that the sample is representative of the target population, increasing the accuracy and reliability of the survey results.

Protecting the privacy of respondents is a crucial ethical consideration in political surveys, as researchers have a responsibility to ensure that the personal information collected remains confidential.

Focus groups are not typically considered a type of political survey as they involve in-depth discussions with a small group of individuals, rather than collecting data from a larger sample.

Exit polls are primarily conducted to predict the outcomes of elections by surveying voters as they leave polling stations.

Face-to-face interviews are a common method for collecting data in political surveys as they allow researchers to interact directly with respondents and ask follow-up questions.

Margin of error refers to the difference between the results of a survey and the actual population values, taking into account the sample size and the level of confidence.

Social desirability bias occurs when respondents provide answers that they believe are socially acceptable or desirable, rather than their true opinions or beliefs.