Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) is a widely used verification algorithm that detects errors in data transmission by appending a checksum to the data.

RSA uses a pair of keys, a public key and a private key, for encryption and decryption.

Secure Hash Algorithm 256 (SHA-256) is a cryptographic hash function that generates a unique fixed-size hash value from a message, ensuring its integrity.

A digital signature is a mathematical scheme used to verify the authenticity of a digital message or document.

RSA is often used to verify the authenticity of digital certificates, which are used to establish secure connections between two parties.

A checksum is a value calculated from a block of data and appended to the data. It is used to detect errors in data transmission by comparing the original checksum with the checksum calculated from the received data.

SHA-256 is often used to verify the integrity of software packages by comparing the hash value of the downloaded package with the hash value provided by the software vendor.

A hash function is a mathematical function that maps data of arbitrary size to a fixed-size hash value.

RSA is often used to verify the authenticity of digital documents by using a digital signature.

A nonce is a random number used in cryptographic protocols to ensure that a communication or transaction is unique and cannot be replayed.

CRC is often used to verify the integrity of a file system by calculating a checksum for each file and comparing it with the stored checksum.

A digital certificate is a document that binds a public key to an identity, such as a person or an organization.

RSA is often used to verify the authenticity of a website by using a digital certificate.

A zero-knowledge proof is a way to prove knowledge of a secret without revealing the secret itself.

SHA-256 is often used to verify the integrity of a database by calculating a hash value for each record and comparing it with the stored hash value.