The Harappan Civilization, also known as the Indus Valley Civilization, was one of the earliest urban civilizations in the world. It flourished in the Indus Valley region of South Asia from around 2500 to 1900 BCE.

Chandragupta Maurya, along with his mentor Chanakya, founded the Maurya Empire in 321 BCE. He expanded the empire across most of the Indian subcontinent and established one of the largest empires in Indian history.

The Battle of Plassey, fought in 1757 between the British East India Company and the Nawab of Bengal, Siraj-ud-Daulah, resulted in a decisive victory for the British. This battle marked the beginning of British rule in India.

Mahatma Gandhi was the preeminent leader of the Indian National Congress during the Indian independence movement. He advocated for nonviolent civil disobedience and played a pivotal role in India's struggle for freedom from British rule.

India gained independence from British rule on August 15, 1947, after a long and arduous struggle for freedom.

Jawaharlal Nehru was the first Prime Minister of independent India. He served as the Prime Minister from 1947 until his death in 1964.

The First Amendment to the Indian Constitution, adopted in 1950, declared India a republic and established a democratic form of government.

The Sino-Indian War of 1962 was a border conflict between India and China. It resulted in a decisive victory for China and led to a strained relationship between the two countries.

India conducted its first nuclear test, codenamed 'Smiling Buddha,' in 1974. This test made India the sixth country to possess nuclear weapons.

P.V. Narasimha Rao was the Prime Minister of India during the 1991 economic reforms. These reforms, initiated by Finance Minister Manmohan Singh, liberalized the Indian economy and paved the way for its subsequent growth.

India launched its first lunar mission, Chandrayaan-1, in 2008. The mission successfully entered lunar orbit and provided valuable scientific data.

Pratibha Patil was the first woman President of India. She served as the President from 2007 to 2012.

India implemented the Goods and Services Tax (GST) in 2017. GST is a comprehensive indirect tax levied on the supply of goods and services.

Narendra Modi was the Prime Minister of India during the COVID-19 pandemic. He led the country's response to the pandemic, including implementing various measures to contain the spread of the virus.

India celebrated its 75th Independence Day in 2022. The day marked 75 years since India gained independence from British rule.