Crude oil is the primary raw material used in the production of petrochemicals. It is a naturally occurring, unrefined petroleum product that is composed of a complex mixture of hydrocarbons.

Refining is the process of converting crude oil into petrochemicals. It involves a series of physical and chemical processes that separate the various components of crude oil and convert them into useful products.

Plastics are a common petrochemical product. They are made from polymers, which are long chains of repeating molecules. Plastics are used in a wide variety of applications, including packaging, construction, and automotive parts.

Polymerization is the process of converting petrochemicals into polymers. It involves the linking together of many small molecules, called monomers, to form a larger molecule, called a polymer.

Polyethylene is a common type of polymer. It is made from the polymerization of ethylene, a petrochemical derived from crude oil. Polyethylene is used in a wide variety of applications, including packaging, films, and bottles.

Fabrication is the process of converting polymers into useful products. It involves a variety of processes, such as molding, extrusion, and calendering, to shape and form the polymer into the desired product.

Tires are a common application of petrochemicals in the automotive industry. They are made from a variety of petrochemical-based materials, including synthetic rubber, carbon black, and reinforcing fibers.

Ammonolysis is the process of converting petrochemicals into fertilizers. It involves the reaction of ammonia, a petrochemical derived from natural gas, with other chemicals to produce fertilizers, such as ammonium nitrate and urea.

Urea is a common type of fertilizer. It is made from the reaction of ammonia and carbon dioxide. Urea is a nitrogen-based fertilizer that is used to promote plant growth.

Sulfonation is the process of converting petrochemicals into detergents. It involves the reaction of petrochemicals with sulfuric acid to produce sulfonated compounds, which are the active ingredients in detergents.

Soap, dishwashing liquid, and laundry detergent are all common types of detergents. They are made from a variety of petrochemical-based materials, including surfactants, builders, and fragrances.

Synthesis is the process of converting petrochemicals into pharmaceuticals. It involves the chemical reaction of petrochemicals with other chemicals to produce the desired pharmaceutical product.

Aspirin, ibuprofen, and paracetamol are all common types of pharmaceuticals derived from petrochemicals. They are used to relieve pain, fever, and inflammation.

Formulation, mixing, and packaging are all involved in the process of converting petrochemicals into cosmetics. Formulation involves the selection and combination of the appropriate petrochemical-based ingredients to create the desired cosmetic product. Mixing involves the blending of the ingredients together to create a uniform product. Packaging involves the filling of the product into containers and labeling the containers.

Lipstick, foundation, and mascara are all common types of cosmetics derived from petrochemicals. They are made from a variety of petrochemical-based ingredients, including pigments, waxes, and oils.