Kutcha houses, which are constructed using traditional materials like mud, bamboo, and thatch, are the most common type of housing in rural India.

Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (PMAY) is a flagship government scheme that aims to provide affordable housing to rural households by providing financial assistance for construction or renovation of houses.

The Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM) aims to improve sanitation facilities in rural areas by constructing toilets, promoting hygiene practices, and raising awareness about the importance of sanitation.

Hand pumps are the primary source of drinking water for rural households in India, as they provide access to groundwater, which is often the only available water source in many rural areas.

Open defecation, which involves defecating in fields, forests, or other open areas, is a common sanitation practice in rural India, particularly in areas where access to toilets is limited.

Contamination of water sources, particularly groundwater, with pollutants such as bacteria, chemicals, and heavy metals, is a major challenge in providing safe drinking water to rural households.

Poverty, lack of awareness about the importance of sanitation, and cultural beliefs and practices that discourage the use of toilets are all key factors contributing to the lack of sanitation facilities in rural India.

The National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (NREGS) aims to provide employment opportunities in rural areas by guaranteeing 100 days of wage employment per year to every rural household.

Pit latrines, which are simple toilets with a pit dug in the ground, are a common type of toilet constructed under the Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM) in rural areas.

High cost of construction materials, lack of skilled labor, and limited access to financing are all major challenges faced in providing affordable housing to rural households.

Natural disasters, lack of maintenance, and use of substandard materials are all key factors contributing to the poor condition of rural housing in India.

The Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana (PMUY) aims to provide free LPG connections to rural households, promote the use of clean cooking fuel, and reduce indoor air pollution.

Poverty, lack of awareness about the importance of sanitation, and cultural beliefs and practices that discourage the use of toilets are all key factors contributing to the lack of access to sanitation facilities in rural India.

The Total Sanitation Campaign (TSC) aims to promote open defecation free villages, improve sanitation facilities in rural areas, and raise awareness about the importance of sanitation.

Lack of maintenance, poor construction quality, and lack of access to water are all key factors contributing to the poor condition of rural sanitation facilities.