Metals are not considered ceramics as they lack the characteristic ionic or covalent bonding and crystalline structure of ceramic materials.

Alumina (Al₂O₃) is the main component of traditional clay ceramics, providing strength and hardness to the material.

Alumina (Al₂O₃) is renowned for its exceptional hardness, high melting point, and resistance to wear and tear, making it suitable for applications such as abrasives and high-temperature ceramics.

Firing is the process of heating and cooling a ceramic material to high temperatures to induce chemical and physical changes, resulting in improved properties such as strength, hardness, and durability.

Porcelain is widely used in electrical insulators and capacitors due to its excellent electrical resistivity and high dielectric strength.

Silica (SiO₂) is the main component of glass ceramics, providing the material with its characteristic transparency and low thermal expansion coefficient.

Zirconia (ZrO₂) is renowned for its exceptional toughness and resistance to fracture, making it suitable for applications such as dental implants and cutting tools.

Glazing is the process of applying a thin layer of glass or glaze to a ceramic surface to enhance its appearance, provide a protective coating, or improve its properties.

Fireclay is a type of ceramic material with a high alumina content, making it suitable for high-temperature applications due to its excellent refractoriness and resistance to thermal shock.

Potassium Oxide (K₂O) is the primary component of porcelain ceramics, contributing to its characteristic translucency, whiteness, and low thermal expansion coefficient.

Earthenware is a type of ceramic material commonly used in the production of tiles, bricks, and sanitary ware due to its relatively low cost and ease of manufacturing.

Slip casting is a process in which a mixture of clay and water, known as slip, is poured into a mold and allowed to set, resulting in the formation of a ceramic object.

Barium Titanate (BaTiO₃) is a ceramic material with high electrical conductivity and is commonly used in electronic devices such as capacitors and piezoelectric sensors.

Feldspar is the primary component of stoneware ceramics, contributing to its characteristic strength, durability, and resistance to thermal shock.

Stoneware is a type of ceramic material commonly used in the production of dinnerware, pottery, and decorative items due to its durability, resistance to wear and tear, and ability to withstand high temperatures.