Progressive Education emphasized the importance of individual student needs and interests, as well as the importance of active learning and hands-on experiences.

Behaviorism focused on the scientific study of observable behavior, and its proponents believed that learning could be shaped and controlled through reinforcement and punishment.

Constructivism emphasized the importance of students constructing their own knowledge through active engagement with their environment and experiences.

Inquiry-Based Learning emphasized the importance of students actively engaging in the process of inquiry and discovery, rather than passively receiving information from a teacher.

Mastery Learning emphasized the importance of students achieving mastery of a subject before moving on to the next, and it used a variety of techniques to ensure that students achieved mastery.

Cooperative Learning emphasized the importance of students working together in cooperative groups, and it used a variety of techniques to promote cooperation and collaboration among students.

Differentiated Instruction emphasized the importance of tailoring instruction to meet the individual needs of students, and it used a variety of techniques to differentiate instruction based on students' needs, interests, and learning styles.

Project-Based Learning emphasized the importance of students engaging in project-based learning, which involved students working on long-term projects that required them to apply their knowledge and skills to real-world problems.

STEM Education emphasized the importance of integrating science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) in education, and it aimed to prepare students for careers in STEM fields.

The Common Core State Standards were developed as a result of a national effort to create a set of shared standards for K-12 education in the United States.