Kapila, the founder of the Samkhya school of philosophy, introduced the concept of 'kalachakra', which symbolizes the cyclical nature of time.

The Nyaya-Vaisheshika school posits that time is eternal and infinite, existing independently of any observer or event.

Advaita Vedanta considers time to be an illusion or 'maya', as it is not an inherent aspect of the ultimate reality, which is Brahman.

The Madhyamaka school, founded by Nagarjuna, asserts that all phenomena, including time, are momentary and lack inherent existence.

Samaya is the Jain term for the smallest indivisible unit of time, which is considered to be the duration of a single atomic event.

The Mimamsa school emphasizes the role of time in facilitating Vedic rituals, as it provides the necessary framework for their proper execution.

The Vaisheshika school posits that time and space are distinct and independent entities, each with its own unique characteristics and properties.

Bhartrihari, a renowned grammarian and philosopher, introduced the concept of 'trikala', which refers to the three aspects of time: past, present, and future.

Karana is the Nyaya term for the causal connection between events, referring to the relationship between a cause and its effect.

Advaita Vedanta posits that Brahman, the ultimate reality, transcends time and space, representing the non-dual, unified consciousness that underlies all existence.

The Mimamsa school emphasizes the authority of the Vedas as the primary source of knowledge, considering them to be infallible and eternal.

Dharmakirti, a renowned Buddhist philosopher, propounded the theory of 'svabhava', which asserts that all entities possess an inherent nature that determines their unique characteristics.

Anumana is the Nyaya-Vaisheshika term for the process of logical inference, where a conclusion is derived from a set of premises or evidence.

Advaita Vedanta posits that the individual self (jiva) and the ultimate reality (Brahman) are non-dual, meaning they are fundamentally one and the same.

The Mimamsa school emphasizes the importance of fulfilling one's duties and obligations (dharma) as the primary goal of human existence.