Brahmagupta, a 7th-century mathematician, is widely recognized for introducing the concept of zero and its use in mathematical operations.

Aryabhatiya is a seminal work by Aryabhata that covers topics such as arithmetic, algebra, trigonometry, and astronomy.

Bhaskara II, also known as Bhaskaracharya, is credited with discovering the Fibonacci sequence and the Pascal's triangle.

Permutation refers to the arrangement of objects in a specific order, and the number of permutations of n objects is given by n!.

Brahmagupta made significant contributions to combinatorics and is credited with developing the binomial theorem.

Arithmetic Progression refers to a sequence of numbers where the difference between any two consecutive numbers is constant. The sum of the first n natural numbers in an arithmetic progression is given by n(n+1)/2.

Baudhayana, an ancient Indian mathematician, is credited with discovering the Pythagorean theorem independently of Pythagoras.

The area of a circle is given by the formula πr², where r is the radius of the circle.

Aryabhata proposed a heliocentric model of the solar system, where the Earth and other planets revolve around the Sun.

The volume of a sphere is given by the formula (4/3)πr³, where r is the radius of the sphere.

Panini, an ancient Indian grammarian, is renowned for his work on Sanskrit grammar, known as Panini's grammar.

Stemming is the process of reducing a word to its root form, removing suffixes and prefixes.

Robert Caldwell, a 19th-century missionary and linguist, is credited with pioneering the comparative study of Dravidian languages.

Semantics is the study of meaning in language, including the relationship between words and their referents.

Suniti Kumar Chatterji, a 20th-century linguist, made significant contributions to the study of Indo-Aryan languages and proposed the theory of language universals.