Tax credits, tax exemptions, and tax treaties are all commonly used methods to avoid or reduce double taxation in international transactions.

Transfer pricing is a common practice among multinational companies to optimize their tax positions.

Tax treaties serve multiple purposes, including avoiding double taxation, preventing tax evasion, and promoting international trade.

Establishing a foreign subsidiary, using a tax haven, and transfer pricing are all common types of international tax planning strategies.

The taxation of cross-border income is governed by both domestic tax laws and international tax treaties.

Dividends, interest, and royalties are all common types of cross-border income.

The arm's length principle is used to determine the fair market value of goods and services transferred between related parties.

Bilateral, multilateral, and regional tax treaties are all common types of tax treaties.

The purpose of a tax haven is to reduce tax liability.

Establishing a foreign branch, using a tax haven, and transfer pricing are all common types of international tax planning strategies used by multinational companies.

The taxation of cross-border income is a complex area of law due to the different tax laws of different countries, the lack of international tax treaties, and the complexity of transfer pricing rules.

Non-discrimination clause, most-favored-nation clause, and tax sparing clause are all common types of tax treaty provisions.

The purpose of a transfer pricing policy is to set prices for goods and services transferred between related parties, minimize the tax liability of a multinational company, and comply with international tax laws.

Establishing a foreign trust, using a foreign bank account, and renouncing citizenship are all common types of international tax planning strategies used by individuals.