Avidya literally means 'not knowing' or 'ignorance' in Sanskrit.

In Advaita Vedanta, Avidya is considered to be the root cause of human suffering, as it leads to the illusion of duality and separation from the ultimate reality.

In Advaita Vedanta, Maya is the cosmic illusion that gives rise to the appearance of the world and Avidya is the ignorance that prevents us from realizing the true nature of reality.

Avidya leads to the illusion of duality by creating the illusion of a separate self and a separate world, which are both ultimately unreal.

The goal of spiritual practice in Advaita Vedanta is to attain liberation from both Avidya and Maya, and to realize the true nature of reality.

In Buddhism, Avidya, or ignorance, is considered to be the root cause of human suffering, as it leads to attachment, aversion, and delusion.

In Buddhism, Avidya is the ignorance that leads to attachment, aversion, and delusion, which in turn give rise to Dukkha, or suffering.

Avidya leads to attachment, aversion, and delusion by creating the illusion of a separate self, which is ultimately unreal.

The goal of spiritual practice in Buddhism is to attain liberation from both Avidya and Dukkha, and to realize the true nature of reality.

In Jainism, Karma is considered to be the primary cause of human suffering, as it leads to the accumulation of karmic particles, which bind the soul to the cycle of birth and rebirth.

In Jainism, Avidya, or ignorance, is considered to be a product of Karma, as it is the result of past actions that have led to the accumulation of karmic particles.

Avidya leads to the accumulation of karmic particles by creating the illusion of a separate self, which is ultimately unreal.

The goal of spiritual practice in Jainism is to attain liberation from both Avidya and Karma, and to realize the true nature of the soul.

In Sikhism, Maya, or illusion, is considered to be the primary cause of human suffering, as it leads to attachment to the material world and the ego.

In Sikhism, Avidya, or ignorance, is considered to be a product of Maya, as it is the result of being caught up in the illusion of the material world.

Avidya leads to attachment to the material world and the ego by creating the illusion of a separate self, which is ultimately unreal.

The goal of spiritual practice in Sikhism is to attain liberation from both Avidya and Maya, and to realize the true nature of the soul.