Hybrid vehicles combine an internal combustion engine with an electric motor and battery, allowing them to switch between gasoline and electric power to optimize fuel efficiency.

In a series hybrid vehicle, the electric motor is the sole source of power for the wheels, while the internal combustion engine acts as a generator to recharge the battery.

The regenerative braking system in a hybrid vehicle captures the energy lost during braking and converts it into electrical energy, which is stored in the battery for later use.

The power control unit in a hybrid vehicle is responsible for coordinating the operation of the electric motor, internal combustion engine, and battery to optimize performance and efficiency.

Electric-only mode in a hybrid vehicle refers to the ability of the vehicle to operate solely on electric power, without the use of the internal combustion engine.

Plug-in hybrid vehicles have a larger battery capacity compared to other hybrid types and can be plugged in to an external power source to recharge the battery.

The catalytic converter in a hybrid vehicle is designed to reduce harmful emissions, such as carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, and nitrogen oxides, from the exhaust gases.

Mild hybrid vehicles have a small battery capacity and cannot be plugged in to an external power source. They rely primarily on the internal combustion engine for propulsion.

The electric motor in a hybrid vehicle serves multiple purposes, including providing additional power during acceleration, generating electricity for the battery, and powering the vehicle at low speeds.

The inverter in a hybrid vehicle converts AC power from the battery to DC power for use by the electric motor.

Mode switching in a hybrid vehicle refers to the process of transitioning between electric and gasoline power, depending on driving conditions and battery charge level.

Plug-in hybrid vehicles have the largest battery capacity and can travel significant distances on electric power alone before the internal combustion engine is engaged.

The battery management system in a hybrid vehicle performs multiple functions, including monitoring and controlling the battery's state of charge, preventing overcharging and overheating, and optimizing battery performance and lifespan.

The transmission in a hybrid vehicle is responsible for transmitting power from the engine and electric motor to the wheels.

Parallel hybrid vehicles have a lower cost and simpler design compared to series hybrid vehicles due to the absence of a dedicated electric motor for propulsion.