Saffron, derived from the crocus flower, is the most expensive spice in the world and is prized for its distinct flavor and medicinal properties.

Coriander is the main ingredient in garam masala, along with cumin, fennel, and other spices, creating a warm and aromatic blend.

Fenugreek, with its distinct bitter flavor, is commonly used in curries, pickles, and as a tempering agent in South Indian cuisine.

Turmeric, scientifically known as Curcuma longa, is a rhizomatous herbaceous plant belonging to the ginger family.

Cardamom, with its sweet and slightly minty flavor, is widely used in Indian sweets, desserts, and beverages.

Panch phoron, meaning "five spices" in Bengali, is a blend of fennel, cumin, fenugreek, mustard seeds, and nigella seeds.

Smoked paprika, made from smoked and dried peppers, adds a smoky and slightly spicy flavor to dishes.

Chaat masala is a blend of spices including amchoor (dried mango powder), cumin, coriander, and black salt, adding a tangy and savory flavor to street food.

Mace, the outer covering of the nutmeg seed, has a warm, slightly sweet, and slightly peppery flavor, and is commonly used in garam masala and biryani.

Cumin, scientifically known as Cuminum cyminum, is an annual herbaceous plant belonging to the parsley family.

Sumac, made from dried and ground sumac berries, adds a tangy and slightly sour flavor to dishes.

Sambar powder is a blend of spices including coriander, fenugreek, turmeric, red chili powder, and other spices, used to make sambar, a popular South Indian lentil dish.

Vanilla, derived from the vanilla orchid, is known for its sweet, creamy, and slightly floral flavor, and is widely used in desserts, beverages, and baked goods.

Black pepper, scientifically known as Piper nigrum, is a flowering vine belonging to the pepper family.

Mustard seeds, when ground or whole, add a sharp, pungent flavor to dishes.