The telephone, invented by Alexander Graham Bell in 1876, enabled real-time voice communication over long distances.

Tungsten, with its high melting point and resistance to oxidation, is used in light bulb filaments.

The printing press, invented by Johannes Gutenberg in the 15th century, enabled the mass production of books, making knowledge more accessible.

X-ray crystallography, used by Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins, provided crucial insights into the structure of DNA.

The generator, invented by Michael Faraday in the 19th century, enabled the conversion of mechanical energy into electrical energy.

The germ theory of disease, proposed by Louis Pasteur and Robert Koch, revolutionized medicine by establishing the link between microorganisms and disease.

Radio, invented by Guglielmo Marconi in the late 19th century, enabled wireless communication over long distances.

Immunology, the study of the immune system, led to the development of vaccines, which protect against infectious diseases.

The automobile, with its widespread adoption in the 20th century, revolutionized personal transportation.

Solid-state physics, the study of the properties of solids, led to the development of the transistor, a fundamental component in modern electronics.

The rocket, invented by Robert Goddard in the early 20th century, enabled space exploration by providing the necessary propulsion.

The discovery of the structure of DNA by James Watson and Francis Crick in 1953 revolutionized genetics and paved the way for advancements in genetic engineering.

The Internet, developed in the late 20th century, revolutionized access to information by connecting people worldwide.

The discovery of penicillin by Alexander Fleming in 1928 led to the development of antibiotics, revolutionizing the treatment of infectious diseases.

The phonograph, invented by Thomas Edison in the late 19th century, enabled the recording and playback of sound.