Insomnia is characterized by difficulty falling asleep, staying asleep, or both, resulting in inadequate sleep.

Obstructive sleep apnea is the most common type, occurring when the airway is blocked during sleep, leading to pauses in breathing.

Narcolepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness, cataplexy (sudden muscle weakness), sleep paralysis, and hallucinations.

Restless legs syndrome is characterized by an irresistible urge to move the legs, often accompanied by tingling or crawling sensations.

Treatment for sleepwalking typically involves a combination of behavioral therapy, medication, and lifestyle changes.

Night terrors are believed to have a genetic component, although stress, anxiety, and sleep deprivation can also be contributing factors.

Sleep-related eating disorder is characterized by eating large amounts of food while asleep, with no memory of the eating episode and often waking up with a feeling of fullness.

Sleepwalking is the most common type of parasomnia, characterized by walking or performing other complex behaviors while asleep.

Stress, anxiety, and alcohol consumption are all risk factors for sleep bruxism, which is the grinding or clenching of teeth during sleep.

Hypersomnia is characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness, often leading to difficulty staying awake during the day.

Treatment for circadian rhythm sleep disorder typically involves a combination of light therapy, melatonin supplements, and sleep restriction therapy.

Sleep paralysis is caused by a temporary inability to move or speak while falling asleep or waking up, due to the brain's normal sleep-wake cycle.

REM sleep behavior disorder is characterized by acting out dreams while asleep, often leading to injury to oneself or others.

Restless legs syndrome is the most common type of sleep-related movement disorder, characterized by an irresistible urge to move the legs.

Treatment for sleep-related breathing disorders typically involves a combination of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy, oral appliances, and surgery in some cases.