Geologic fieldwork involves visiting and studying geological features in their natural setting, such as outcrops, cliffs, and riverbanks, to gain a better understanding of the Earth's history and processes.

Microscopes are not typically used in geologic fieldwork, as they are primarily used for laboratory analysis of rock and mineral samples.

Mapping is the process of creating a representation of geological features on a map, typically using symbols and colors to indicate different rock types, structures, and formations.

Igneous rocks are formed when molten rock (magma or lava) cools and solidifies, either above or below the Earth's surface.

Granite is an igneous rock, not a sedimentary rock. Sedimentary rocks are formed from the accumulation and compaction of sediments, such as sand, mud, and organic matter.

Metamorphic rocks are formed when existing rocks are subjected to high temperatures, pressures, or chemical reactions, causing them to change their mineral composition and texture.

Caves are natural cavities or underground chambers formed by the erosion of soluble rocks, such as limestone or dolomite, by water.

Canyons are deep, narrow valleys with steep sides, typically formed by the erosive action of rivers or streams over long periods of time.

Faults are fractures or breaks in the Earth's crust where rocks have moved relative to each other, either vertically or horizontally.

Folds are bends or curves in rock layers caused by tectonic forces or other geological processes.

Shear zones are zones of crushed and broken rock along faults, where rocks have been subjected to intense shearing forces.

Springs are natural outlets where groundwater emerges from the Earth's surface, typically at a point where the water table intersects the ground surface.

Lakes are bodies of water that collect in depressions in the Earth's surface, typically formed by the damming of a river or stream, or by the melting of glaciers.

Oceans are large, natural bodies of salt water that cover a significant portion of the Earth's surface.

Tributaries are rivers or streams that flow into a larger river or body of water, contributing to its flow.