Traditionally, education has been seen as a means of preparing students for a specific occupation or trade.

Dewey believed that the primary purpose of education is to develop the individual's capacity for critical thinking and problem-solving, enabling them to adapt to a changing world.

Freire's critical pedagogy aims to develop students' critical thinking skills and empower them to challenge social injustices and work towards social transformation.

Constructivism emphasizes the importance of experiential learning and hands-on activities, as it believes that knowledge is actively constructed by the learner through their experiences.

Social reconstructionism views education as a means to promote social change and address societal problems, aiming to prepare students to become active and engaged citizens.

Perennialism focuses on developing students' intellectual and moral faculties, transmitting cultural heritage and timeless truths, but it does not emphasize promoting social change or addressing societal problems.

Essentialism emphasizes the importance of transmitting essential knowledge and skills, preparing students for a specific occupation or trade, and maintaining high academic standards.

Existentialism emphasizes the importance of developing students' creativity, imagination, and personal freedom, allowing them to explore their own unique existence and purpose.

Progressivism emphasizes the importance of developing students' critical thinking skills, problem-solving abilities, and social consciousness, preparing them to become active and engaged citizens.

Humanism emphasizes the importance of individual self-actualization, personal growth, and the development of the whole person, aiming to cultivate well-rounded individuals.

Behaviorism focuses on shaping students' behavior through positive reinforcement and punishment, aiming to modify and control their responses to environmental stimuli.

Essentialism emphasizes the importance of cultural transmission, the preservation of traditional values, and the mastery of essential knowledge and skills.

Social efficiency theory views education as a means to prepare students for a specific occupation or trade, ensuring that they possess the necessary skills and knowledge to contribute to the workforce.

Moral education theory emphasizes the importance of developing students' moral and ethical values, helping them to understand and apply ethical principles in their personal lives and interactions with others.

Vocationalism emphasizes the importance of preparing students for a specific occupation or trade, providing them with the necessary skills and knowledge to enter the workforce.