Geological mapping involves the systematic study and representation of the distribution and characteristics of rock units on the Earth's surface.

A geologic map is a specialized map that portrays the distribution and characteristics of rock units, geologic structures, and other geologic features.

Field mapping involves the direct observation and recording of geological features in the field, typically involving fieldwork and data collection.

A clinometer is a specialized instrument used to measure the angle of inclination or dip of rock layers and other geological structures.

A contact is the boundary or interface between two different rock units, representing a change in rock type, age, or origin.

A syncline is a geological structure in which rock layers are folded downward, forming a trough-like shape.

An interbed is a rock unit that is sandwiched between two other rock units of different ages.

An isopach map is a type of geological map that shows the thickness of a specific rock unit or stratigraphic interval at various locations.

Sedimentary rocks are formed from the accumulation and consolidation of sediment, which can be derived from pre-existing rocks, organic matter, or chemical precipitation.

A tectonic map is a specialized map that portrays the distribution and characteristics of tectonic structures, such as faults, folds, and plate boundaries.

Metamorphism is the process by which sedimentary rocks are subjected to high temperatures, pressures, or chemical alteration, resulting in the formation of new minerals and textures.

A hydrogeologic map is a specialized map that portrays the distribution and characteristics of groundwater resources, including aquifers, springs, and recharge zones.

Igneous rocks are formed from the cooling and solidification of molten rock, either at the Earth's surface (extrusive) or within the Earth's crust (intrusive).

A mineral resource map is a specialized map that portrays the distribution and characteristics of mineral deposits, including their location, type, and economic significance.

Metamorphic rocks are formed from the alteration of pre-existing rocks by heat, pressure, or chemical reactions, resulting in the formation of new minerals and textures.