Non-Manual Elements (NMEs) in Sign Languages encompass facial expressions, gestures, body movements, eye gaze, and head tilts that are used in conjunction with manual signs to convey meaning and emotions.

NMEs serve multiple functions in Sign Languages, including conveying grammatical information, expressing emotions and attitudes, emphasizing specific words or phrases, and regulating the flow of conversation.

Tongue protrusion is not a typical NME in Sign Languages. Common NMEs include eyebrow raises, head nods, shoulder shrugs, and eye gaze shifts.

NMEs contribute to the meaning of a sign by providing additional information about the context, indicating the speaker's emotional state, and helping to clarify the meaning of ambiguous signs.

NMEs can be used independently of manual signs, particularly in situations where facial expressions or gestures convey a clear message without the need for manual signs.

A raised eyebrow to indicate a question is an example of a grammatical NME, as it serves to convey a specific grammatical function (i.e., marking a question).

NMEs play a crucial role in regulating the flow of conversation in Sign Languages by indicating when a speaker is finished speaking, signaling when a speaker wants to take a turn, and helping to maintain eye contact between speakers.

A smile to convey happiness is an example of an affective NME, as it serves to express an emotion (i.e., happiness).

NMEs contribute to the cultural and social aspects of Sign Languages by reflecting the values and beliefs of the Deaf community, helping to create a sense of identity and belonging, and facilitating communication within the Deaf community.

A head nod to show agreement is an example of a regulatory NME, as it serves to regulate the flow of conversation (i.e., indicating agreement).

NMEs help to convey emotions in Sign Languages by allowing for a wider range of emotional expression, helping to clarify the meaning of ambiguous signs, and contributing to the cultural and social aspects of Sign Languages.

A head nod to show agreement is an example of a conventional NME, as it is a culturally agreed-upon gesture with a specific meaning (i.e., agreement).

NMEs contribute to the grammatical structure of Sign Languages by indicating the tense of a verb, marking the subject and object of a sentence, and helping to convey negation and interrogation.

A furrowed brow to express confusion is an example of a non-conventional NME, as it is not a culturally agreed-upon gesture with a specific meaning.

NMEs help to disambiguate the meaning of signs in Sign Languages by providing additional information about the context, helping to clarify the meaning of ambiguous signs, and contributing to the cultural and social aspects of Sign Languages.