Naturalism, a literary movement of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, aimed to portray life as it is, focusing on the harsh realities and social issues of the time.

Symbolism is a literary device that uses symbols to represent abstract ideas or emotions, often creating a deeper level of meaning beyond the literal narrative.

Romanticism, a literary movement of the late 18th and early 19th centuries, emphasized the importance of individual expression, emotion, and imagination, often exploring themes of nature, love, and the supernatural.

Stream of consciousness is a literary technique that attempts to capture the uninterrupted flow of a character's thoughts and feelings, often without regard for traditional narrative structure.

Modernism, a literary movement of the early 20th century, broke away from traditional forms and conventions, experimenting with new styles, techniques, and themes, often reflecting the disillusionment and fragmentation of the modern world.

Bildungsroman, a type of novel popular in the 18th and 19th centuries, follows the development of a character from childhood to adulthood, focusing on their journey of self-discovery and personal growth.

Social realism, a literary movement of the 19th and 20th centuries, focused on depicting the social and political issues of the time, often with the aim of promoting social change.

Existentialist literature, a genre of literature that emerged in the 20th century, explores themes of human existence, freedom, and the search for meaning and purpose in life.

Surrealism, a literary and artistic movement of the early 20th century, sought to explore the subconscious mind and dream world, often through the use of unexpected imagery and juxtapositions.

Quest narrative, a type of story that has been popular throughout history, follows a character's journey to a new and unfamiliar place, often in search of something valuable or to fulfill a specific task.

Marxist literature, a genre of literature that emerged in the 19th century, explores the relationship between the individual and society, often focusing on class struggle and economic inequality.

Tragedy, a genre of drama and literature, tells a story about a character's struggle against overwhelming odds, often leading to their downfall or death.

Transcendentalism, a literary and philosophical movement of the 19th century, emphasized the importance of exploring the relationship between the individual and nature, often promoting a spiritual connection to the natural world.

Romance novel, a popular genre of fiction, tells a story about a character's journey to find love, often focusing on the development of a romantic relationship between two characters.

Cyberpunk, a literary and cultural movement that emerged in the 1980s, explores the relationship between the individual and technology, often in a dystopian or futuristic setting.