Black holes are formed when a massive star collapses under its own gravity, causing a singularity to form at its center.

The Chandrasekhar limit, approximately 1.4 solar masses, is the minimum mass required for a star to collapse into a black hole.

The event horizon is the boundary around a black hole from which nothing, not even light, can escape.

The singularity at the center of a black hole is a point where the laws of physics, as we currently understand them, break down.

Accretion is the process by which matter from the surrounding environment falls onto a black hole, releasing energy in the form of radiation.

Hawking Radiation is the thermal radiation emitted by black holes due to quantum effects near the event horizon.

Black Hole Merger is the process by which two or more black holes collide and combine to form a single, larger black hole.

The chirp signal is the characteristic gravitational wave signal produced by a black hole merger, consisting of a gradual increase in frequency followed by a rapid decay.

TON 618 is the largest black hole discovered to date, with a mass estimated to be 66 billion times that of the Sun.

Sagittarius A* is the supermassive black hole at the center of our galaxy, with a mass estimated to be 4.3 million times that of the Sun.

The Penrose process is a mechanism by which energy can be extracted from a rotating black hole, leading to the formation of a pair of black holes with lower total mass.

The Blandford-Znajek process is a mechanism by which energy can be extracted from a rotating black hole, leading to the formation of relativistic jets.

The Thorne-Żytkow object is a type of black hole formed from the collapse of a massive star, characterized by a very high mass and a relatively low density.

The gravastar model is a model of a black hole with a solid core, proposed as an alternative to the traditional black hole model with a singularity at its center.

The firewall paradox is a paradox related to the information loss problem in black hole physics, which suggests that an observer falling into a black hole would encounter a firewall of high-energy radiation near the event horizon.