Framing in photography involves selecting a specific portion of a scene to include in the image, thereby isolating the subject from its surroundings and directing the viewer's attention to it.

While Rule of Thirds, Leading Lines, and Symmetry are widely used framing techniques, Center Framing, where the subject is placed in the exact center of the frame, is generally considered less effective in creating visually appealing compositions.

Cropping in photography serves multiple purposes, including removing unwanted elements, adjusting the composition to improve balance and visual flow, and straightening the horizon or correcting perspective issues.

Square Cropping is a technique where equal amounts are removed from all four sides of the image, resulting in a square-shaped composition.

The Rule of Thirds is a compositional guideline that divides the frame into nine equal parts, creating four intersection points. Placing important elements along these lines or at the intersection points helps create a sense of balance, harmony, and guides the viewer's eye to key elements in the image.

Panoramic Cropping involves removing the top and bottom portions of the image, resulting in a wider composition that is often used for capturing expansive landscapes or cityscapes.

Leading lines are elements in a composition that draw the viewer's eye through the image, creating a sense of depth, perspective, and visual interest. They can be natural elements like roads, rivers, or fences, or man-made structures like bridges or buildings.

While Tight Framing, Medium Framing, and Wide Framing are commonly used framing techniques, Extreme Close-up Framing, where the subject fills the entire frame, is less frequently employed in photography.

Square cropping offers several advantages, including creating a sense of balance and symmetry, being more visually appealing to the human eye, and being easier to share on social media platforms due to its compatibility with various aspect ratios.

Portrait Cropping involves removing the left and right portions of the image, resulting in a taller composition that is often used for capturing portraits or vertical subjects.

Negative space, or the empty areas around the subject in a composition, plays a crucial role in creating a sense of balance, harmony, and visual interest. It can draw attention to the subject, add depth and dimension, and enhance the overall impact of the image.

While Candid Framing, Environmental Framing, and Leading Lines Framing are widely used techniques in street photography, Rule of Thirds Framing is less commonly employed due to the unpredictable nature of street scenes and the need for quick reactions.

Tight cropping offers several advantages, including isolating the subject and eliminating distractions, creating a sense of intimacy and closeness between the viewer and the subject, and adding drama and impact to the image by focusing on specific details.

Square Cropping involves removing the top and bottom portions of the image, resulting in a square-shaped composition that is often used for creating visually balanced and symmetrical images.

Wide cropping offers several advantages, including capturing a broad scene and providing context, creating a sense of depth and perspective by including more of the surroundings, and adding visual interest and variety by incorporating different elements into the composition.