While microbes can play a role in causing diseases, their primary roles in the environment are beneficial, such as decomposition, nitrogen fixation, and oxygen production.

Decomposition is the process by which microbes break down organic matter into simpler substances, releasing nutrients back into the environment.

Nitrogen-fixing bacteria are responsible for converting atmospheric nitrogen into a form that can be used by plants, a process known as nitrogen fixation.

Microbes produce all of the mentioned greenhouse gases, contributing to climate change.

Denitrification is the process by which microbes remove nitrogen from the environment, converting it into atmospheric nitrogen.

Streptococcus pneumoniae is a bacterium that can cause pneumonia, meningitis, and other infections in humans.

Photosynthesis is the process by which microbes use sunlight to produce energy, converting carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen.

Pseudomonas is a genus of bacteria that can be used in bioremediation, a process that uses microorganisms to clean up contaminated environments.

Methanogenesis is the process by which microbes convert organic matter into methane, a potent greenhouse gas.

Penicillium is a genus of fungi that can be used in the production of antibiotics, such as penicillin.

Respiration is the process by which microbes convert organic matter into carbon dioxide and water, releasing energy in the form of ATP.

Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a yeast that can be used in the production of biofuels, such as ethanol.

Hydrogenesis is the process by which microbes convert organic matter into hydrogen gas.

Lactobacillus is a genus of bacteria that can be used in the production of probiotics, live microorganisms that provide health benefits when consumed.

Sulfidogenesis is the process by which microbes convert organic matter into sulfur compounds, such as hydrogen sulfide.