In the United States, the first-past-the-post voting method is used, where the candidate who receives the most votes wins the election, regardless of whether they receive a majority of votes.

Ranked-choice voting allows voters to rank candidates in order of preference, which helps to ensure that the winner is the candidate who is most preferred by the majority of voters.

In the German Bundestag elections, a mixed-member proportional representation system is used, which combines elements of both first-past-the-post and proportional representation.

The single transferable vote method can lead to vote splitting and minority governments, as voters may have multiple preferences and their votes may be transferred to different candidates.

In the European Parliament elections, a proportional representation system is used, which allocates seats to parties based on the proportion of votes they receive.

Proportional representation ensures that all parties are represented in the legislature, as seats are allocated based on the proportion of votes they receive.

In the Australian House of Representatives elections, a single transferable vote system is used, which allows voters to rank candidates in order of preference.

First-past-the-post can lead to vote splitting and minority governments, as voters may have multiple preferences and their votes may be concentrated on a small number of candidates.

In the New Zealand Parliament elections, a mixed-member proportional representation system is used, which combines elements of both first-past-the-post and proportional representation.

Mixed-member proportional representation combines the advantages of both first-past-the-post and proportional representation, as it allows voters to both elect local representatives and ensure that parties are represented in proportion to their share of the vote.

In the Swiss Federal Assembly elections, a proportional representation system is used, which allocates seats to parties based on the proportion of votes they receive.

Proportional representation can lead to vote splitting and minority governments, as voters may have multiple preferences and their votes may be spread across a number of parties.

In the Canadian House of Commons elections, a first-past-the-post voting method is used, where the candidate who receives the most votes in each riding wins the seat.

First-past-the-post is simple to understand and administer, as voters only need to choose one candidate and there is no need for complex vote counting procedures.

In the Indian Lok Sabha elections, a first-past-the-post voting method is used, where the candidate who receives the most votes in each constituency wins the seat.