Quantitative research relies on numerical data, statistical analysis, and hypothesis testing to investigate educational phenomena.

Qualitative research aims to gain an in-depth understanding of individual experiences, beliefs, and perspectives in educational contexts.

Mixed methods research integrates quantitative and qualitative data collection and analysis to provide a comprehensive understanding of educational phenomena.

Action research aims to address specific problems and improve educational practices through collaborative inquiry and reflection.

Historical research examines past educational events, documents, and artifacts to gain insights into the evolution of educational practices and policies.

Descriptive research aims to provide a detailed and accurate account of educational phenomena without attempting to establish causal relationships.

Experimental research allows researchers to control and manipulate variables to determine their impact on educational outcomes.

Correlational research investigates the relationships between variables to determine the extent to which one variable influences another.

Survey research utilizes questionnaires or surveys to collect data from a sample of individuals to generalize findings to a larger population.

Case study research aims to provide a comprehensive and detailed examination of a single case or phenomenon to gain insights into its unique characteristics and complexities.

Naturalistic research observes and studies educational phenomena in their natural context without manipulating variables or imposing experimental conditions.

Ethnographic research immerses researchers in a cultural setting to gain an in-depth understanding of educational practices, beliefs, and values within that context.

Secondary data analysis involves reusing existing data collected for other purposes to address new research questions.

Meta-analysis combines the results of multiple studies to provide a comprehensive overview of the research findings on a particular topic.

Action research engages educators and stakeholders in collaborative inquiry and action to identify and address educational problems and improve practices.