Reflecting telescopes utilize a curved mirror, known as the primary mirror, to gather and focus light onto a focal plane.

Refracting telescopes minimize chromatic aberration, an optical defect that causes colored fringes around objects, due to the use of lenses instead of mirrors.

Catadioptric telescopes employ a combination of lenses and mirrors to correct optical aberrations and achieve high-quality images.

Radio telescopes are specialized instruments designed to capture and analyze radio waves, allowing astronomers to study celestial objects that emit radio radiation.

The Gran Telescopio Canarias (GTC) is the largest optical telescope in operation, with a primary mirror diameter of 10.4 meters.

The Spitzer Space Telescope is designed to observe celestial objects in the infrared spectrum, enabling the study of cool objects, star formation regions, and dusty environments.

The Hubble Space Telescope is renowned for its ability to observe distant galaxies, providing valuable insights into the early universe and the formation of galaxies.

The Chandra X-ray Observatory is specifically designed to detect and analyze X-rays emitted by high-energy cosmic sources.

Adaptive optics systems are employed in telescopes to compensate for distortions caused by atmospheric turbulence, resulting in sharper and clearer images.

The Kepler Space Telescope was specifically designed to search for and study exoplanets, leading to the discovery of thousands of extrasolar planets.

Interferometers combine light from multiple telescopes to achieve higher angular resolution and sensitivity, enabling detailed observations of celestial objects.

The Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) was designed to study the cosmic microwave background radiation, providing valuable insights into the early universe and the formation of cosmic structures.

Segmenting the primary mirror makes it easier to manufacture, transport, and maintain large telescopes, reducing the overall cost and complexity.

The Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) is designed to detect and study gravitational waves, providing insights into the dynamics of black holes, neutron stars, and other massive objects.

The James Webb Space Telescope is designed to observe distant galaxies and study the early universe, providing insights into the formation and evolution of galaxies and stars.