Personal charisma is not a source of power in organizations because it is not a legitimate or institutionalized form of power. Formal authority, expertise, and control over resources are all legitimate sources of power that are recognized and accepted within organizations.

Coercive power is based on the perception that the power holder has the ability to punish or reward. This type of power is often used to enforce compliance or to achieve desired outcomes.

Organizational politics encompasses a wide range of behaviors aimed at influencing decisions, gaining power, or advancing personal or group interests. Lobbying for a promotion, networking with colleagues, and building coalitions are all examples of political behavior in organizations.

The primary goal of organizational politics is to advance personal or group interests. This can involve gaining power, influencing decisions, or securing resources and benefits.

Using formal authority to influence decisions is not a tactic commonly used in organizational politics because it is a legitimate and institutionalized form of power. Political tactics typically involve more subtle and indirect means of influencing outcomes.

Political exchange is the process of exchanging resources or favors to build relationships and gain influence. This can involve trading information, providing support, or offering assistance in exchange for something in return.

Process conflict is not a type of organizational conflict. Task conflict, relationship conflict, and value conflict are all common types of conflict that can arise in organizations.

Conflict resolution, conflict management, and dispute resolution are all terms used to describe the process of managing conflict and resolving disputes in organizations.

Avoidance is not a constructive strategy for managing conflict in organizations. It involves ignoring or withdrawing from the conflict, which can lead to unresolved issues and further escalation.

Relationship management is the process of building and maintaining relationships with key stakeholders to gain support and influence. This can involve networking, lobbying, and coalition-building.

Charismatic power is not a type of organizational power. Formal authority, expert power, and referent power are all recognized and accepted sources of power in organizations.

Lobbying, advocacy, and diplomacy are all terms used to describe the process of influencing others through persuasion and negotiation.

Ethical behavior is not a type of political behavior in organizations. Political behavior typically involves more self-interested and strategic actions aimed at gaining power or advancing personal or group interests.

Personal branding, image management, and reputation management are all terms used to describe the process of building and maintaining a positive reputation and image in an organization.

Effective communication and collaboration can help to reduce organizational politics by fostering understanding, resolving conflicts, and building trust among organizational members.