Mixed-member proportional representation is an electoral system that combines elements of both first-past-the-post and proportional representation systems.

Vote splitting occurs when voters cast their ballots for multiple candidates from different parties, which can lead to a candidate winning with a plurality of votes rather than a majority.

First-past-the-post electoral systems tend to favor two large parties, as voters are more likely to vote for a candidate who is likely to win.

Proportional representation electoral systems aim to ensure that the number of seats a party wins in the legislature is proportional to the number of votes it receives.

The single transferable vote system allows voters to rank candidates in order of preference, and votes are transferred from lower-ranked candidates to higher-ranked candidates until a candidate reaches a quota of votes.

Mixed-member proportional representation electoral systems can be complex for voters to understand, as they involve both first-past-the-post and proportional representation components.

The alternative vote system allows voters to rank candidates in order of preference, and if no candidate receives a majority of first-preference votes, the candidate with the fewest votes is eliminated and their votes are transferred to the remaining candidates.

First-past-the-post electoral systems produce clear winners, as the candidate with the most votes wins the election.

Mixed-member proportional representation electoral systems are more likely to produce multi-party systems, as they allow for a wider range of parties to win seats in the legislature.

Alternative vote electoral systems can be complex for voters to understand, as they involve ranking candidates in order of preference.

Mixed-member proportional representation electoral systems are less susceptible to gerrymandering, as they use a proportional representation component to allocate seats in the legislature.

Single transferable vote electoral systems allow voters to express their preferences for multiple candidates, which can lead to more representative outcomes.

Mixed-member proportional representation electoral systems are more likely to produce coalition governments, as they allow for a wider range of parties to win seats in the legislature.

First-past-the-post electoral systems can lead to a lack of representation for minority groups, as they tend to favor large parties and make it difficult for smaller parties to win seats in the legislature.