Indian astronomers primarily relied on naked-eye observations to study celestial objects, as telescopes were not yet invented during that era.

The Surya Siddhanta, written by Indian astronomer Aryabhata in the 5th century CE, had a significant impact on Roman astronomy. It introduced concepts like the Earth's rotation on its axis and the heliocentric model of the solar system.

Indian astronomers made significant contributions to trigonometry, including the development of the sine and cosine functions, which were essential for calculating the positions of celestial objects.

Aryabhata was the first Indian astronomer to propose the heliocentric model of the solar system, which placed the Sun at the center and the Earth and other planets revolving around it.

Roman astronomers primarily used the astrolabe, a sophisticated instrument, to observe and measure the positions of celestial objects.

Ptolemy, a prominent Roman astronomer, was influenced by Indian astronomy and incorporated concepts like the precession of the equinoxes and the use of sine and cosine functions into his work.

Roman astronomers made significant contributions to astronomy, including the development of the Julian calendar, which was a more accurate calendar than previous ones.

Ptolemy proposed a geocentric model of the solar system, which was widely accepted until the heliocentric model was established by Copernicus.

Indian astronomers used trigonometry, particularly the sine and cosine functions, to calculate the positions of celestial objects.

Seneca was a Roman astronomer known for his observations of comets and his work on the calendar.

Indian astronomers made significant contributions to astrology, including the development of horoscopes and the use of planetary positions to predict events.

Aryabhata developed a method for calculating the circumference of the Earth using trigonometry, which was a significant achievement in astronomy.

Roman astronomers made significant contributions to astrology, including the discovery of the zodiac signs and the association of celestial bodies with different aspects of life.

Hipparchus was a Roman astronomer known for his work on the calendar and his observations of the Sun.

Indian astronomers made significant contributions to mathematics, including the development of the decimal system, which revolutionized numerical calculations.