Socialism is an ideology that advocates for the collective ownership of the means of production and the distribution of wealth based on need rather than profit.

Marx argued that class is determined by one's relationship to the means of production, which is primarily determined by one's occupation.

The upper class is typically composed of those who own and control the means of production and have the greatest wealth and power in society.

Social mobility refers to the movement of individuals between different social classes, either upward or downward.

Cultural capital theory, developed by Pierre Bourdieu, argues that social class is determined by one's cultural knowledge, skills, and dispositions.

Hegemony refers to the process by which the ruling class maintains its power through cultural and ideological dominance rather than solely through force or coercion.

The peasantry is a social class composed of those who own and work on land, typically in rural areas.

Socialization refers to the process by which individuals learn and adopt the values, beliefs, and behaviors of their society or social group.

Marxist theory emphasizes the importance of economic factors in determining social class, particularly the relationship between the bourgeoisie (owners of capital) and the proletariat (working class).

Social reproduction refers to the process by which social inequalities, such as class differences, are passed down from one generation to the next.

The upper class is typically composed of those who own and control the means of production, including businesses, industries, and financial institutions.

Ideological hegemony refers to the process by which the ruling class uses cultural and ideological means to maintain its power and control over society.

The working class is typically composed of those who perform manual labor and produce goods and services, often in factories, mines, or other industrial settings.

Social mobility refers to the movement of individuals between different social classes, either upward or downward.

Bourdieu's class theory emphasizes the importance of cultural factors, such as lifestyle, consumption patterns, and cultural tastes, in determining social class.