Increased greenhouse gas emissions, primarily from human activities such as burning fossil fuels, are the primary cause of coastal and marine climate change.

Melting glaciers and ice sheets, particularly in Greenland and Antarctica, are the primary drivers of sea level rise.

Sea level rise can lead to increased coastal erosion, salinization of freshwater resources, and loss of coastal habitats, among other consequences.

Ocean acidification refers to a decrease in the pH of ocean water, primarily due to the absorption of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.

Ocean acidification can lead to reduced coral growth and bleaching, impaired shellfish development, reduced phytoplankton productivity, and other negative impacts on marine ecosystems.

Mitigating coastal and marine climate change requires a combination of efforts, including reducing greenhouse gas emissions, implementing coastal adaptation measures, and protecting and restoring coastal ecosystems.

Coastal resilience refers to the ability of coastal ecosystems to naturally adapt to rising sea levels through processes such as sediment accretion and marsh migration.

Coastal adaptation measures include building seawalls and levees, restoring wetlands and mangroves, and relocating coastal communities, among other strategies.

Coral bleaching refers to the process by which coral reefs lose their vibrant colors and become bleached, typically due to stress factors such as elevated sea temperatures.

Increased sea temperatures, particularly during prolonged periods of heat stress, are the primary cause of coral bleaching.

Coral bleaching can lead to reduced coral growth, increased susceptibility to disease, loss of biodiversity, and other negative consequences for coral reef ecosystems.

Coastal resilience refers to the ability of coastal ecosystems to naturally adapt to changing environmental conditions, such as sea level rise and changing climate patterns.

Coastal adaptation measures include building seawalls and levees, restoring wetlands and mangroves, and relocating coastal communities, among other strategies.

Coastal resilience refers to the ability of coastal ecosystems to naturally adapt to rising sea levels through processes such as sediment accretion and marsh migration.

Coastal adaptation measures include building seawalls and levees, restoring wetlands and mangroves, and relocating coastal communities, among other strategies.