Coral polyps, tiny marine invertebrates, secrete calcium carbonate to form the intricate structures of coral reefs.

The Coral Triangle, located in the western Pacific Ocean, encompasses Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Papua New Guinea, Timor-Leste, and the Solomon Islands, boasting the highest coral reef biodiversity globally.

Coral polyps and photosynthetic algae engage in a mutualistic relationship, where the algae provide nutrients through photosynthesis, while the polyps offer protection and a stable environment for the algae to thrive.

While tourism can impact coral reefs, it is not considered a major threat compared to climate change, overfishing, and pollution, which have more significant and widespread effects on reef health.

Coral bleaching occurs when corals expel the symbiotic algae living within their tissues, resulting in the loss of their vibrant colors and increased susceptibility to stress and disease.

Patch reefs are not a common type of coral reef structure. Fringing reefs, barrier reefs, and atolls are more prevalent types of coral reef formations.

Coral accretion refers to the process by which coral reefs grow and expand over time through the accumulation of calcium carbonate deposited by coral polyps.

The Great Barrier Reef, located off the coast of Australia, is the largest coral reef system in the world, stretching over 2,300 kilometers.

Coral reef ecosystems encompass the diverse array of marine life that inhabits coral reefs, including fish, invertebrates, and algae, all interacting and contributing to the overall functioning of the reef.

Tuna are not typically found in coral reef ecosystems. Clownfish, angelfish, and lionfish are common types of coral reef fish.

Coral resilience refers to the ability of coral reefs to naturally recover from disturbances or damage through various mechanisms, including the growth of new coral colonies and the reestablishment of symbiotic relationships.

Sea turtles are not typically found in coral reef ecosystems. Sea urchins, starfish, and lobsters are common types of coral reef invertebrates.

Coral restoration encompasses the process of introducing new coral colonies to damaged or degraded reefs to aid in their recovery and promote the regeneration of the reef ecosystem.

Brown algae are not typically found in coral reef ecosystems. Coralline algae, green algae, and red algae are common types of coral reef algae.

Coral reef buffering refers to the process by which coral reefs provide natural protection to coastal communities from storms and erosion by dissipating wave energy and reducing the impact of waves on shorelines.