Intellectual property disputes are typically not arbitrated in the context of energy law, as they involve specialized legal issues that are best handled by courts.

Arbitration is a preferred method of dispute resolution in energy law because it offers several advantages over litigation, including speed, efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and confidentiality.

Transparency is not a key principle of arbitration in energy law, as arbitration proceedings are typically confidential.

The arbitral tribunal plays a crucial role in an energy arbitration, as it is responsible for determining the applicable law, hearing evidence and arguments from the parties, and issuing a legally binding award.

Escalation clauses are not typically used in energy contracts as a method of arbitration, as they involve a process of negotiation and mediation before arbitration is triggered.

Institutional arbitration offers several advantages in energy disputes, including access to specialized expertise, established rules and procedures, and enforceability of arbitral awards.

The law of the parties' nationality is typically not a common type of law that is applicable in an international energy arbitration, as it is generally not considered to have a close connection to the dispute.

The Energy Charter Treaty plays a significant role in international energy arbitration by providing a framework for the settlement of investment disputes, promoting cooperation in the energy sector, and establishing a uniform set of rules for energy arbitration.

Lack of due process is not a common challenge in enforcing arbitral awards in energy disputes, as arbitration proceedings are typically conducted in accordance with fair and transparent procedures.

The New York Convention serves several purposes, including facilitating the enforcement of arbitral awards across borders, promoting international cooperation in arbitration, and establishing a uniform set of rules for international arbitration.

Litigation is not a common type of alternative dispute resolution method used in energy disputes, as arbitration is generally preferred due to its speed, efficiency, and confidentiality.

The IEA plays a significant role in promoting arbitration in energy disputes by providing a forum for dialogue and cooperation on energy issues, developing and promoting best practices in energy arbitration, and providing training and capacity building in energy arbitration.

Tax disputes are typically not subject to arbitration, as they involve complex legal and policy issues that are best handled by courts.

Ad hoc arbitration offers several advantages in energy disputes, including flexibility in choosing the arbitrators, control over the arbitration process, and lower costs.

Injunctive awards are not a common type of arbitration award in energy disputes, as they are typically not enforceable by arbitral tribunals.