The telephone, invented by Alexander Graham Bell in 1876, enabled people to transmit and receive voice messages over long distances using electrical signals.

Penicillin, discovered by Alexander Fleming in 1928, was the first antibiotic that effectively treated bacterial infections.

The rocket, developed by Robert Goddard in the early 20th century, provided the necessary thrust to propel spacecraft into space.

The discovery of the double helix structure of DNA by James Watson and Francis Crick in 1953 provided a fundamental understanding of the genetic material.

The microprocessor, invented by Intel in the 1970s, made it possible to build compact and powerful personal computers.

The Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), developed by Tim Berners-Lee in the 1980s, enabled the transfer of data between web browsers and servers, forming the foundation of the World Wide Web.

The MP3 player, developed in the late 1990s, allowed for the storage and playback of digital music files, revolutionizing the way people listened to music on the go.

Immunology, the study of the immune system, led to the development of vaccines, which protect individuals from infectious diseases by stimulating the production of antibodies.

Email, developed in the 1970s, revolutionized communication by allowing people to send and receive electronic messages instantly over the internet.

Gregor Mendel's experiments with pea plants in the mid-19th century led to the discovery of the basic principles of inheritance, laying the foundation for modern genetics.

Internet search engines, such as Google, revolutionized access to information by allowing people to quickly and easily find relevant websites and content on the internet.

Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory, developed in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, provided a new understanding of the human mind and behavior, laying the foundation for modern psychology.

The camera, invented in the early 19th century, revolutionized the way people captured and shared moments in time, leading to the development of photography and cinematography.

Albert Einstein's theory of relativity, developed in the early 20th century, revolutionized our understanding of space, time, and gravity, laying the foundation for modern physics.

The airplane, invented in the early 20th century, revolutionized transportation by allowing people to travel faster and more efficiently over long distances.