The Comparative Advantage Theory, proposed by David Ricardo, suggests that countries should specialize in producing and exporting goods for which they have a lower opportunity cost, leading to mutual benefits through trade.

Protectionism aims to shield domestic industries from foreign competition by implementing measures like tariffs, quotas, or subsidies, with the intent of preserving jobs and promoting economic growth within the country.

The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) is a trilateral trade bloc established between the United States, Canada, and Mexico, aiming to reduce trade barriers and promote economic integration among the member countries.

Offshoring refers to the practice of relocating business processes or manufacturing operations to countries with lower production costs, typically in developing economies, to take advantage of cheaper labor and resources.

Schumpeterian Economics, proposed by Joseph Schumpeter, focuses on the role of innovation and entrepreneurship in driving economic growth and technological advancement, leading to the concept of 'creative destruction'.

Globalization refers to the growing interconnectedness and interdependence of countries worldwide through trade, investment, technology, and cultural exchange, leading to increased global interdependence and integration.

The World Trade Organization (WTO) is the international organization responsible for regulating global trade and promoting free trade among its member countries by setting rules, negotiating trade agreements, and resolving trade disputes.

Industrialization refers to the process of a country transitioning from an agricultural-based economy to one centered around manufacturing and industry, involving the growth of factories, technological advancements, and urbanization.

Keynesian Economics, proposed by John Maynard Keynes, emphasizes the role of government intervention in the economy through fiscal and monetary policies to stimulate demand, increase employment, and promote economic growth.

Urbanization refers to the process of people moving from rural areas to urban areas in search of better economic opportunities, improved living conditions, and access to services and amenities.

Classical Economics, associated with Adam Smith and David Ricardo, emphasizes the importance of free markets, limited government intervention, and individual liberty as the driving forces of economic growth and prosperity.

Post-Industrialization refers to the process of a country transitioning from an industrial economy to one centered around services, information technology, and knowledge-based industries.

Marxian Economics, proposed by Karl Marx, emphasizes the importance of class struggle and the exploitation of workers in a capitalist system, advocating for a socialist revolution and the establishment of a classless society.

Development refers to the process of a country moving from a low-income economy to a high-income economy, involving improvements in living standards, economic growth, and social progress.

Monetarism, associated with Milton Friedman, emphasizes the importance of controlling the money supply to regulate inflation and economic growth, advocating for a limited role of government intervention in the economy.