Single-member plurality, also known as first-past-the-post, is an electoral system in which the candidate who receives the most votes in a single-member constituency is elected.

In a proportional representation system, seats in the legislature are allocated to parties based on the number of votes each party receives.

Ireland uses the single transferable vote (STV) electoral system, which is a form of proportional representation.

The main advantage of a mixed-member proportional representation (MMP) system is that it ensures that all parties are represented in the legislature, regardless of their size.

The United States presidential election uses the electoral college system, in which each state has a certain number of electoral votes based on its population.

The main disadvantage of a single-member plurality electoral system is that it can lead to a single party winning a majority of seats with a minority of the vote.

Australia uses the alternative vote (AV) electoral system, which is a form of preferential voting.

The main advantage of a proportional representation system with a closed list is that it ensures that all parties are represented in the legislature, regardless of their size.

The German Bundestag election uses a mixed-member proportional representation system.

The main disadvantage of a proportional representation system with an open list is that it can lead to a single party winning a majority of seats with a minority of the vote.

France uses the two-round system (TRS) electoral system, in which the top two candidates from the first round advance to a second round.

The main advantage of a single transferable vote (STV) electoral system is that it ensures that all parties are represented in the legislature, regardless of their size.

The Indian Lok Sabha election uses a first-past-the-post electoral system.

The main disadvantage of a two-round system (TRS) electoral system is that it can lead to a single party winning a majority of seats with a minority of the vote.

Japan uses the mixed-member majoritarian (MMM) electoral system.