Infiltration is the process by which water enters the soil from the surface.

Infiltration capacity is the rate at which water infiltrates the soil.

Infiltration capacity is affected by soil texture, soil structure, organic matter content, and other factors.

Drainage is the process by which water is removed from the soil.

There are three main types of drainage systems: surface drainage, subsurface drainage, and combined drainage.

Drainage systems are used to remove excess water from the soil, prevent flooding, and improve soil aeration.

There are three main types of surface drainage systems: open ditches, closed drains, and French drains.

There are three main types of subsurface drainage systems: tile drains, mole drains, and well points.

Surface drainage is the most common type of drainage system.

Surface drainage systems are easy to install and maintain, relatively inexpensive, and can be used to drain large areas.

Surface drainage systems can be unsightly, interfere with farming operations, and cause erosion.

Subsurface drainage systems are not visible, do not interfere with farming operations, and can drain water from deep in the soil.

Subsurface drainage systems are more expensive to install and maintain than surface drainage systems, can be difficult to repair, and can cause environmental problems.

Drainage systems can cause increased flooding downstream, salinization of soil, and pollution of surface water.

The environmental problems caused by drainage systems can be mitigated by using proper design and construction techniques, implementing best management practices, and educating the public about the importance of drainage.