The primary function of political institutions is to represent the interests of the people and to make decisions on their behalf.

A democratic political system is characterized by regular elections, freedom of speech and assembly, and protection of minority rights.

Public opinion plays a crucial role in a democracy by holding politicians accountable, influencing government policy, and shaping public policy.

Public opinion can be measured through various methods, including public opinion polls, focus groups, and content analysis.

Public opinion influences political institutions by shaping public policy and holding politicians accountable.

The Parliament of India, the Supreme Court of India, and the President of India are all examples of political institutions.

Political parties play a crucial role in a democracy by representing the interests of different groups in society, contesting elections and forming governments, and articulating and aggregating public opinion.

A totalitarian political system is characterized by one-party rule, suppression of dissent, and control of the media.

The media plays a crucial role in a democracy by informing the public about current events, holding politicians accountable, and shaping public opinion.

Political corruption, economic inequality, and social injustice are all challenges to democracy.

Public participation in a democracy is important because it ensures that the government is responsive to the needs of the people, promotes transparency and accountability in government, and strengthens the legitimacy of the government.

A representative democracy is characterized by citizens electing representatives to make decisions on their behalf.

Civil society organizations play a crucial role in a democracy by promoting the interests of specific groups in society, holding the government accountable, and providing public services.

Misinformation and disinformation, political polarization, and economic inequality are all challenges to public opinion.

Political institutions play a crucial role in a democracy by providing a framework for the peaceful resolution of conflict, promoting stability and order in society, and facilitating the articulation and aggregation of public opinion.