Democracy is founded on the principle of equal representation, where all citizens have an equal say in decision-making.

John Locke is credited with developing the social contract theory, which posits that individuals give up some of their rights to a governing body in exchange for protection and security.

In a representative democracy, citizens participate in decision-making primarily through elections, where they choose representatives to make decisions on their behalf.

Direct democracy is a system where citizens directly vote on policy decisions, without the need for elected representatives.

A constitution serves multiple purposes in a democracy, including limiting government power, protecting individual rights, and establishing a framework for governance.

Deliberative democracy emphasizes the importance of deliberation and consensus-building among citizens in decision-making.

Oligarchy refers to a system where power is concentrated in the hands of a small group of individuals or organizations.

John Stuart Mill argued that democracy is the best form of government for protecting individual liberty.

Initiative refers to the process where citizens directly propose and vote on laws and policies.

Karl Marx argued that democracy is the best form of government for promoting social equality.

Recall refers to the process of removing an elected official from office before the end of their term through a vote by the electorate.

Adam Smith argued that democracy is the best form of government for promoting economic prosperity.

Election refers to the process of citizens directly electing representatives to make decisions on their behalf.

Immanuel Kant argued that democracy is the best form of government for promoting peace and cooperation among nations.

Referendum refers to the process of citizens directly voting to approve or reject a proposed law or policy.