Counterpoint is the art of combining multiple melodies to create a harmonious and cohesive musical texture.

A countermelody is a secondary melody that accompanies the main melody, creating a richer and more interesting musical texture.

Contrary motion occurs when one melody moves in the opposite direction of another melody, creating a sense of tension and release.

An interval is the distance between two notes, measured in half steps or whole steps.

The perfect fifth is considered a perfect consonance due to its harmonious and stable sound.

Triplum is the term used to describe the addition of a third voice to a two-voice counterpoint.

Johann Sebastian Bach is widely regarded as one of the greatest masters of counterpoint in music history.

The exposition in a fugue is the section where the main theme, or subject, is introduced and developed.

Transposition is the process of moving a melody to a different pitch level while maintaining its melodic contour.

Retrograde is the technique of playing a melody backwards, starting from the last note and ending with the first.

Augmentation is the technique of increasing the duration of the notes in a melody, while diminution is the opposite.

The exposition in a canon is the section where the main melody, or subject, is introduced and imitated by the other voices.

Consonance is the simultaneous sounding of two or more notes that create a harmonious and stable effect.

The exposition in a round is the section where the main melody, or subject, is introduced and sung by all voices in succession.

The exposition in a motet is the section where the main melody, or subject, is introduced and developed.