The construction of dams and irrigation projects involves activities such as excavation, drilling, and transportation of materials, which generate large amounts of particulate matter, including dust and suspended particles.

Dams and irrigation projects can contribute to the release of greenhouse gases through various mechanisms, including the trapping of organic matter and subsequent release of methane, the increase in the surface area of water bodies leading to carbon dioxide emissions, and the alteration of river flow patterns resulting in nitrous oxide emissions.

The operation of dams and irrigation projects, particularly those involving the storage and release of water, can lead to the emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) due to the decomposition of organic matter and the release of gases from aquatic plants and microorganisms.

The impact of dams and irrigation projects on the local climate can vary depending on factors such as the size and location of the project, the amount of water stored and released, and the surrounding environment. Some projects may lead to increased humidity and decreased temperature, while others may have the opposite effect.

Mitigating the air quality impacts of dams and irrigation projects requires a combination of strategies, including the use of renewable energy sources to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, implementing dust control measures during construction to minimize particulate matter emissions, and managing water levels and vegetation to reduce VOC emissions.