Arnold Schoenberg is credited with pioneering atonality and developing the twelve-tone technique, which revolutionized the concept of tonality in music.

Alban Berg, a student of Arnold Schoenberg, is renowned for his opera "Wozzeck" and the orchestral work "Lulu", which exemplify the Second Viennese School's expressionist style.

Jazz originated in the African-American communities of the United States in the early 20th century, blending elements of African, European, and American musical traditions.

Louis Armstrong, often referred to as "Satchmo," is widely regarded as one of the most influential jazz musicians, revolutionizing the art of trumpet playing and improvisation.

Philip Glass is a prominent figure in the minimalist music movement, known for his operas, film scores, and orchestral works that explore the concept of gradual change and repetition.

Serialism, also known as twelve-tone technique, is a compositional method developed by Arnold Schoenberg, where a set of twelve tones is used to create melodies, harmonies, and structures.

Claude Debussy is renowned for his operas "Pelléas et Mélisande" and "Ariane et Barbe-bleue," which exemplify the Impressionist style in music, characterized by evocative harmonies and colorful orchestration.

Robert Moog is widely recognized as a pioneer in electronic music for his invention of the Moog synthesizer, which revolutionized the creation and performance of electronic music.

Rock and Roll emerged in the 1950s, combining elements of blues, rhythm and blues, and country music, and became a symbol of youth rebellion and cultural change.

Elvis Presley, often referred to as the "King of Rock and Roll," is widely regarded as one of the most significant figures in the history of rock and roll music.

Experimental Music, also known as avant-garde music, emerged in the 1960s, challenging traditional notions of musical structure, harmony, and instrumentation.

Pierre Schaeffer is credited with pioneering musique concrète, a technique involving the manipulation of recorded sounds to create musical compositions.

Philip Glass is renowned for his opera "Einstein on the Beach" and the orchestral work "Music for 18 Musicians," which exemplify his minimalist style and repetitive structures.

Grandmaster Flash is widely regarded as a pioneer in hip hop music for his innovative DJing techniques, including scratching and mixing, which revolutionized the art of turntablism.

Postmodernism in music emerged in the late 20th century, rejecting the conventions and boundaries of traditional musical styles and embracing a diverse range of influences.