0

Measures of Association: Odds Ratio, Relative Risk, and Attributable Risk

Description: This quiz evaluates your understanding of the concepts and applications of Odds Ratio, Relative Risk, and Attributable Risk in epidemiology.
Number of Questions: 15
Created by:
Tags: epidemiology measures of association odds ratio relative risk attributable risk
Attempted 0/15 Correct 0 Score 0

Which measure of association is appropriate when the outcome is dichotomous and the exposure is dichotomous?

  1. Odds Ratio

  2. Relative Risk

  3. Attributable Risk


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Odds Ratio is used when both the outcome and exposure are dichotomous, as it compares the odds of the outcome in the exposed group to the odds of the outcome in the unexposed group.

What is the formula for calculating the Odds Ratio?

  1. (a * d) / (b * c)

  2. (a + b) / (c + d)

  3. (a - b) / (c - d)


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The formula for calculating the Odds Ratio is (a * d) / (b * c), where 'a' represents the number of individuals with both exposure and outcome, 'b' represents the number of individuals with exposure but without outcome, 'c' represents the number of individuals without exposure but with outcome, and 'd' represents the number of individuals without exposure and without outcome.

Which measure of association is appropriate when the outcome is dichotomous and the exposure is continuous?

  1. Odds Ratio

  2. Relative Risk

  3. Attributable Risk


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Relative Risk is used when the outcome is dichotomous and the exposure is continuous, as it compares the risk of the outcome in the exposed group to the risk of the outcome in the unexposed group.

What is the formula for calculating the Relative Risk?

  1. (a / (a + b)) / (c / (c + d))

  2. (a + b) / (c + d)

  3. (a - b) / (c - d)


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The formula for calculating the Relative Risk is (a / (a + b)) / (c / (c + d)), where 'a' represents the number of individuals with both exposure and outcome, 'b' represents the number of individuals with exposure but without outcome, 'c' represents the number of individuals without exposure but with outcome, and 'd' represents the number of individuals without exposure and without outcome.

Which measure of association is appropriate when the outcome is continuous and the exposure is dichotomous?

  1. Odds Ratio

  2. Relative Risk

  3. Attributable Risk


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Attributable Risk is used when the outcome is continuous and the exposure is dichotomous, as it estimates the amount of disease that can be attributed to the exposure.

What is the formula for calculating the Attributable Risk?

  1. (a / (a + b)) - (c / (c + d))

  2. (a + b) / (c + d)

  3. (a - b) / (c - d)


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The formula for calculating the Attributable Risk is (a / (a + b)) - (c / (c + d)), where 'a' represents the number of individuals with both exposure and outcome, 'b' represents the number of individuals with exposure but without outcome, 'c' represents the number of individuals without exposure but with outcome, and 'd' represents the number of individuals without exposure and without outcome.

What is the interpretation of an Odds Ratio greater than 1?

  1. The exposure is protective against the outcome.

  2. The exposure is associated with an increased risk of the outcome.

  3. The exposure has no association with the outcome.


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

An Odds Ratio greater than 1 indicates that the exposure is associated with an increased risk of the outcome, as the odds of the outcome are higher in the exposed group compared to the unexposed group.

What is the interpretation of a Relative Risk greater than 1?

  1. The exposure is protective against the outcome.

  2. The exposure is associated with an increased risk of the outcome.

  3. The exposure has no association with the outcome.


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

A Relative Risk greater than 1 indicates that the exposure is associated with an increased risk of the outcome, as the risk of the outcome is higher in the exposed group compared to the unexposed group.

What is the interpretation of an Attributable Risk greater than 0?

  1. The exposure is protective against the outcome.

  2. The exposure is associated with an increased risk of the outcome.

  3. The exposure has no association with the outcome.


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

An Attributable Risk greater than 0 indicates that the exposure is associated with an increased risk of the outcome, as it estimates the amount of disease that can be attributed to the exposure.

Which measure of association is most appropriate for assessing the impact of a public health intervention?

  1. Odds Ratio

  2. Relative Risk

  3. Attributable Risk


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Attributable Risk is most appropriate for assessing the impact of a public health intervention, as it estimates the amount of disease that can be attributed to the intervention.

What is the difference between Odds Ratio and Relative Risk?

  1. Odds Ratio is used when the outcome is dichotomous and the exposure is continuous, while Relative Risk is used when the outcome is continuous and the exposure is dichotomous.

  2. Odds Ratio is used when both the outcome and exposure are dichotomous, while Relative Risk is used when the outcome is dichotomous and the exposure is continuous.

  3. Odds Ratio is used when the outcome is continuous and the exposure is dichotomous, while Relative Risk is used when both the outcome and exposure are dichotomous.


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Odds Ratio is used when both the outcome and exposure are dichotomous, while Relative Risk is used when the outcome is dichotomous and the exposure is continuous.

What is the difference between Attributable Risk and Relative Risk?

  1. Attributable Risk is used when the outcome is continuous and the exposure is dichotomous, while Relative Risk is used when both the outcome and exposure are dichotomous.

  2. Attributable Risk is used when the outcome is dichotomous and the exposure is continuous, while Relative Risk is used when both the outcome and exposure are dichotomous.

  3. Attributable Risk is used when both the outcome and exposure are dichotomous, while Relative Risk is used when the outcome is continuous and the exposure is dichotomous.


Correct Option:
Explanation:

Attributable Risk is used when the outcome is continuous and the exposure is dichotomous, while Relative Risk is used when the outcome is dichotomous and the exposure is continuous.

Which measure of association is most appropriate for assessing the risk of a rare disease?

  1. Odds Ratio

  2. Relative Risk

  3. Attributable Risk


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Odds Ratio is most appropriate for assessing the risk of a rare disease, as it is less affected by the low prevalence of the disease compared to Relative Risk and Attributable Risk.

What is the formula for calculating the Population Attributable Risk?

  1. (a / (a + b)) - (c / (c + d))

  2. ((a + b) / (c + d)) - 1

  3. (a - b) / (c - d)


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

The formula for calculating the Population Attributable Risk is ((a + b) / (c + d)) - 1, where 'a' represents the number of individuals with both exposure and outcome, 'b' represents the number of individuals with exposure but without outcome, 'c' represents the number of individuals without exposure but with outcome, and 'd' represents the number of individuals without exposure and without outcome.

What is the interpretation of a Population Attributable Risk of 0.2?

  1. 20% of the cases of the disease are attributable to the exposure.

  2. 80% of the cases of the disease are attributable to the exposure.

  3. The exposure is not associated with the disease.


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

A Population Attributable Risk of 0.2 indicates that 20% of the cases of the disease are attributable to the exposure.

- Hide questions