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Nucleic Acid Structure and Function

Description: Test your knowledge on the structure and function of nucleic acids, the fundamental building blocks of genetic information.
Number of Questions: 15
Created by:
Tags: nucleic acids dna rna nucleotides genetic code
Attempted 0/15 Correct 0 Score 0

Which of the following is a component of a nucleotide?

  1. Deoxyribose

  2. Ribose

  3. Phosphate

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

A nucleotide consists of a nitrogenous base, a sugar molecule (either deoxyribose or ribose), and a phosphate group.

What is the name of the sugar-phosphate backbone of a nucleic acid?

  1. Deoxyribose-phosphate backbone

  2. Ribose-phosphate backbone

  3. Both of the above

  4. None of the above


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

The sugar-phosphate backbone of a nucleic acid can be either deoxyribose-phosphate or ribose-phosphate, depending on the type of nucleic acid.

Which of the following nitrogenous bases is found in DNA?

  1. Adenine

  2. Thymine

  3. Cytosine

  4. Uracil


Correct Option:
Explanation:

DNA contains the nitrogenous bases adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine.

Which of the following nitrogenous bases is found in RNA?

  1. Adenine

  2. Thymine

  3. Cytosine

  4. Uracil


Correct Option:
Explanation:

RNA contains the nitrogenous bases adenine, cytosine, uracil, and guanine.

What is the name of the process by which DNA is copied?

  1. Replication

  2. Transcription

  3. Translation

  4. Mutation


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Replication is the process by which DNA is copied.

What is the name of the process by which DNA is transcribed into RNA?

  1. Replication

  2. Transcription

  3. Translation

  4. Mutation


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Transcription is the process by which DNA is transcribed into RNA.

What is the name of the process by which RNA is translated into protein?

  1. Replication

  2. Transcription

  3. Translation

  4. Mutation


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Translation is the process by which RNA is translated into protein.

What is the name of the genetic code?

  1. The codon table

  2. The genetic alphabet

  3. The DNA sequence

  4. The RNA sequence


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The genetic code is the codon table, which specifies the amino acid that corresponds to each codon.

How many codons are there in the genetic code?

  1. 64

  2. 61

  3. 20

  4. 16


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

There are 64 codons in the genetic code.

Which codon codes for the start of a protein?

  1. AUG

  2. UAG

  3. UAA

  4. UGA


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The codon AUG codes for the start of a protein.

Which codons code for the stop of a protein?

  1. UAG

  2. UAA

  3. UGA

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The codons UAG, UAA, and UGA all code for the stop of a protein.

What is the name of the enzyme that catalyzes the replication of DNA?

  1. DNA polymerase

  2. RNA polymerase

  3. Reverse transcriptase

  4. Ligase


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

DNA polymerase is the enzyme that catalyzes the replication of DNA.

What is the name of the enzyme that catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA?

  1. DNA polymerase

  2. RNA polymerase

  3. Reverse transcriptase

  4. Ligase


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

RNA polymerase is the enzyme that catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA.

What is the name of the enzyme that catalyzes the translation of RNA into protein?

  1. DNA polymerase

  2. RNA polymerase

  3. Reverse transcriptase

  4. Ribosome


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The ribosome is the enzyme that catalyzes the translation of RNA into protein.

What is the name of the molecule that carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome?

  1. Messenger RNA (mRNA)

  2. Transfer RNA (tRNA)

  3. Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA) all carry the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome.

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