Malaria is a communicable disease transmitted by mosquitoes, while heart disease, cancer, and diabetes are non-communicable diseases.

Heart disease is the leading cause of death from non-communicable diseases, accounting for approximately 17.9 million deaths each year.

Lung cancer is the most common cancer worldwide, with an estimated 2.2 million new cases and 1.8 million deaths each year.

Type 2 diabetes is primarily caused by lifestyle factors such as unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, and obesity.

Tobacco use, alcohol consumption, and unhealthy diet are all major risk factors for non-communicable diseases.

Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic disorders characterized by high blood sugar levels due to the body's inability to produce or effectively use insulin.

Atherosclerosis is a non-communicable disease characterized by the hardening and narrowing of arteries due to the buildup of plaque.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic inflammatory lung disease that obstructs airflow, causing shortness of breath, coughing, and wheezing.

Depression is a type of non-communicable mental disorder characterized by persistent sadness, loss of interest, and a range of other symptoms that interfere with daily life.

Arthritis is a chronic inflammatory joint disease that causes pain, stiffness, and swelling, affecting the joints and surrounding tissues.

Aging, menopause, and lack of physical activity are all major risk factors for osteoporosis.

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a group of eye diseases that damage the macula, the central part of the retina responsible for sharp central vision.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a type of non-communicable kidney disease characterized by the progressive loss of kidney function over time.

Cirrhosis is a group of liver diseases that cause scarring and damage to the liver, leading to impaired liver function.

Sickle cell disease is a type of non-communicable blood disorder characterized by the abnormal production of sickle-shaped red blood cells, leading to various health complications.