Deforestation, industrialization, and agricultural practices are all significant contributors to soil pollution in India.

Mining activities are the primary source of heavy metal contamination in soil due to the release of toxic metals during mining and processing operations.

Excessive irrigation without proper drainage can lead to soil salinization, where salts accumulate in the soil, affecting plant growth and soil fertility.

Soil pollution can cause a range of health issues, including respiratory problems, cardiovascular diseases, and neurological disorders due to the ingestion or inhalation of contaminated soil or water.

Sandy soil, with its loose and coarse texture, is more susceptible to erosion by wind and water compared to other soil types.

Acid rain, excessive use of chemical fertilizers, and industrial emissions all contribute to soil acidification in India, leading to a decrease in soil pH and nutrient availability.

Phytoremediation, bioremediation, and chemical remediation are all techniques employed to manage soil pollution by removing or reducing contaminants from the soil.

Microorganisms play a crucial role in soil bioremediation by degrading organic pollutants, immobilizing heavy metals, and promoting plant growth, thereby aiding in the restoration of soil health.

Crop rotation, organic farming, and conservation tillage are all sustainable agricultural practices that help prevent soil pollution by maintaining soil fertility, reducing erosion, and minimizing the use of chemical inputs.

Soil conservation measures aim to prevent soil erosion, improve soil fertility, enhance water retention, and promote sustainable land management practices.

The Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC), and National Green Tribunal (NGT) all play a role in regulating soil pollution in India through policy formulation, monitoring, and enforcement of environmental regulations.

The National Soil Policy of India aims to promote sustainable soil management, prevent soil degradation, improve soil health, and ensure the conservation and judicious use of soil resources.

The Soil Health Card Scheme in India involves soil testing, provides fertilizer recommendations, and offers crop advisory services to farmers, aiming to promote balanced and judicious use of fertilizers and improve soil health.

Soil pollution monitoring in India is crucial for identifying polluted sites, assessing the extent of contamination, evaluating the effectiveness of remediation measures, and informing policy decisions related to soil management and pollution control.

Addressing soil pollution in India faces challenges such as lack of awareness among stakeholders, limited resources for remediation and management, and inadequate infrastructure for monitoring and enforcement of regulations.